Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. OOP techniques include important features such as encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance. Nowadays, several new programming paradigms address some well-known limitations of object-oriented development without forcing developers to adopt new languages or abandon the object-oriented paradigm. Considering the increasing importance and applications in the development of complex systems, this paper intends to survey the literature relevant to the recent programming approaches and pointout their motivations and contributions. Each programming approaches are described in such different contexts as features/goals, modeling, languages and designing with UML support. It is also identified the commonalities and differences with OOP and point out the benefits and drawbacks of recent programming approaches. The emerging approaches include agent, aspect, component, role, service and subject. These techniques provide a better solution in developing complex systems and meet some the challenges like interoperability, managing services metadata, appropriated levels of security, etc. The discussion includes current research issues in the community. The conclusion provides a summary of this paper and future research d irection follow.

Keywords: Agent, Adaptive, Component, Object, Subject.